浙江象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物优势种群和生态位     

刘好真  李祥付  刘懂  李进京  陈晨  徐鹏  孙元  焦海峰  王一农  尤仲杰 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):873-882

为了解象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物群落特征及种间相互作用情况,于2012年8月(夏季)对象山东部海域30个站位进行了大型底栖动物的调查研究。共采集,鉴定大型底栖动物36种(优势种20种),隶属于7门8纲24科,节肢动物15种(41.7%)最多,脊索动物7种(19.4%)次之。聚类分析和MDS排序结果表明,象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物可以分为4个生态类群。选取Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka重叠指数进行生态位分析,结果表明:象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物优势种生态位宽度变化范围为5.22—21.66,生态位宽度值最高的为东方口虾蛄(21.66),最小的为小荚蛏(5.22);Pianka重叠指数大于0.60的优势种占19.5%,多样的生境以及生物本身的适应能力差异,使该海域大型底栖动物优势种的生态位重叠值偏小,减小了种间的竞争。该海域大型底栖动物优势种夏季生态位结构的形成主要与优势种的活动能力有关。  相似文献   

Relative importance of estuarine nurseries for species of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae) along the Portuguese coast     

C. Vinagre  H.N. CabralM.J. Costa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The relative importance of estuarine nursery areas for species of the genus Diplodus and their relations with several environmental variables was evaluated along the Portuguese coast. Nine estuarine systems were sampled with beam trawl surveys. Species of the genus Diplodus were only present in estuaries south of the Ria de Aveiro (40°38′). A latitudinal gradient of increasing species richness and abundance towards the south was found. Estuarine nurseries of Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus sargus and Diplodus puntazzo were characterized by mud substrate, lower salinity and lower dissolved oxygen, with the exception of Ria Formosa. Diplodus bellottii was associated with estuaries with large areas and high volumes, the Tejo and the Sado. Diplodus bellottii nursery grounds were characterized by low depth. Diplodus annularis was associated with seagrass and saltmarsh habitats, certainly because it is the only species of the genus Diplodus which recruits exclusively to seagrass meadows. Diplodus annularis nursery grounds were also characterized by sand substrate, higher salinity and higher dissolved oxygen. Niche breath varied widely amongst species and location. Diplodus vulgaris generally presented the highest values of niche breath, except when D. bellottii was present. Niche overlap was not high, the highest value being that between D. vulgaris and D. sargus in the Mira estuary, with 76% spatial niche overlap. Considerations were made on these species progress towards the north in a climate warming context, taking into account the habitat associations described here.  相似文献   

浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性     

叶深  杨蕊  丁朋朋  彭欣  刘伟成 《海洋学报》2022,44(1):48-62

基于2016年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)浙江南部近海的鱼类调查数据,利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、聚类分析、方差比率法、卡方检验、联结系数以及种对共同出现百分率对主要鱼类种间关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)调查共采集鱼类169种,主要鱼类共有26种;(2)在空间维度上,日本鲭(Sco...  相似文献   

Nonparametric evaluation of environmental parameters determining the occurrence of stonefly larvae (Plecoptera) in streams     

Jan Helešic 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2001,63(4):490-501

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Multi-source spatial data-based invasion risk modeling of Striga (Striga asiatica) in Zimbabwe     

Bester Tawona Mudereri  Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman  Timothy Dube  Tobias Landmann  Zeyaur Khan  Emily Kimathi 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(4):553-571

ABSTRACT

Monitoring of destructive invasive weeds such as those from the genus Striga requires accurate, near real-time predictions and integrated assessment techniques to enable better surveillance and consistent assessment initiatives. Thus, in this study, we predicted the potential ecological niche of Striga (Striga asiatica) weed in Zimbabwe, to identify and understand its propagation and map potentially vulnerable cropping areas. Vegetation phenology from remote sensing, bioclimatic and other environmental variables (i.e. cropping system, edaphic, land surface temperature, and terrain) were used as predictors. Six machine learning modeling techniques and the ensemble model were evaluated on their suitability to predict current and future Striga weed distributional patterns. The mentioned predictors (n = 40) were integrated into six models with “presence-only” training and evaluation data, collected in Zimbabwe over the period between the 12^th and 28^th of March 2018. The area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) were used to measure the performance of the Striga modeling framework. The results showed that the ensemble model had the strongest Striga occurrence predictive power (AUC = 0.98; TSS = 0.93) when compared to the other modeling algorithms. Temperature seasonality (Bio4), the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were determined to be the most dominant bioclimatic variables influencing Striga occurrence. “Start of the season” and “season minimum value” of the “Enhanced Vegetation Index base value” were the most relevant remote sensing-based variables. Based on projected climate change scenarios, the study showed that up to 2050, the suitable area for Striga propagation will increase by ~ 0.73% in Zimbabwe. The present work demonstrated the importance of integrating multi-source data in predicting possible crop production restraints due to weed propagation. The results can enhance national preparedness and management strategies, specifically, if the current and future risk areas can be identified for early intervention and containment  相似文献   

生态位理论与方法在城市研究中的应用   总被引：33，自引：2，他引：33  

胡春雷  肖玲 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(2):13-16

引入生态学重要基础理论生态位理论,认为其在城市研究中有重要作用。表现在:生态位态势变化及生态位大小能够反映城市一般发展规律和城市特征,生态位适宜度可为城市经济发展方式的选择提供依据,生态势理论有助于城市发展动力机制的解释,生态位扩充则是城市空间结构发展和演化的生态学解释,而生态位重叠和分离理论对城市产业布局及其调整有很好的指导作用。  相似文献   

牙轮钻头振动规律分析          下载免费PDF全文

张艺伟  杨海波  赵德云  杨跃波 《探矿工程》2002,(4):29-30

通过大量的实验数据，对三牙轮钻头在井底振动时干扰力的幅值和频率进行了全面而细致的分析，摸索出了其在井底的振动规律，提高了井下钻具动力学分析的准确度，可在一定程度上减少钻具失效、节约钻井成本。  相似文献   

沙区植物生态位构建的数学模型及其应用研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

李自珍  惠苍  徐中民  刘发明 《冰川冻土》2002,24(4):387-392

生态位构建理论是对生态位研究的新进展.以沙区植物梭梭为研究对象,从进化生态学角度探讨了沙区植物生态位构建机理,扩展了生态位构建的概念,建立了沙区植物种生态位的n维"超体积"构建模式、构建作用的动力学模型及适宜度计测公式.实例分析表明:梭梭的生态位构建作用主要表现在干旱环境的适应性特征上,它能改变和营建局部环境,其多枝的形态结构与叶面生理代谢特征,能有效地截留降水、富集养分在根部土壤中发育为肥岛.计算结果显示,在种植密度梯度上,随着营林密度的减少,其构建动力和适宜度呈上升趋势,试验条件下密度为518株*hm-2时具有最大的构建动力和最高适宜度值,这为梭梭人工林营建提供了定量依据.  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠生态系统不同固沙方式下昆虫群落的生态位分异研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘新民  陈海燕  乌宁  郭砺 《中国沙漠》2002,22(6):566-570

利用样方法研究了腾格里沙漠生态系统无脊椎动物的群落组成和以生活方式划分的功能群的特征,并计算了主要动物类群的生态位宽度及各类群间的生态位重叠.结果表明:不同的沙地固定方式下,动物群落的演替方向不同.油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)是优势动物类群的主要食物资源和生活场所,其他动物类群数尽管较多,但个体数量和生物量是相对较低的.从功能群的角度出发,蛀根性昆虫种类在整个动物群落中占有重要地位.在A区中蛀根性昆虫种类仅发现有吉丁甲科和象甲科昆虫幼虫,与B、C、D区比较,无蠹蛾科幼虫寄生,并且其根被蛀的程度和寄生率也较轻,夜蛾科幼虫在A区亦无分布.生态位重叠的计算结果并不显示在生活习性相同或相似的动物类群之间有较大的生态位重叠.  相似文献   

辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物种群生态位特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伏捷  孙才志  张华  何红  祝业平  王颖 《地理研究》2018,37(4):731-741

基于48块样地的群落调查数据,以样地代表多种资源的综合状态,以物种重要值作为生态位计测的状态指标,采用Levins指数与Schoener指数,对辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物群落乔木层、灌木层及草本层植物的生态位特征进行了系统研究。结果表明：① 乔木层内臭冷杉（Abies nephrolepis）生态位宽度最大,为泛化乔木种;臭冷杉与长白鱼鳞云杉（Picea jezoensis var. komarovii）的生态位重叠值高达0.616,共优生存于暗针叶林中。② 灌木层内生态位宽度较大的狗枣猕猴桃（Actinidia kolomikta）、单花忍冬（Lonicera subhispida）、大翅卫矛（Euonymus macropterus）和关东丁香（Syringa velutina）为落叶阔叶林和针阔混交林下的泛化种;狗枣猕猴桃与单花忍冬的生态位重叠值高达0.610。③ 草本层内生态位宽度较大的东北羊角芹（Aegopodium alpestre）、荨麻叶龙头草（Meehania urticifolia）、酢浆草（Oxalis corniculata）为研究区泛化草本植物;东北羊角芹与荨麻叶龙头草的生态位重叠值高达0.702。  相似文献